#8 Monica Joseph (IF) - Penn State Fayette

gp
35
avg
.393
hr
0
rbi
24
r
27
sb
8
Player Stats
  Overall Conf
Games 35 13th 20 9th
Plate appearances 133 6th 78 5th
At Bats 117 6th 66 7th
Runs 27 13th 22 8th
Hits 46 7th 26 10th
Doubles 7 12th 6 7th
Triples 1 16th 1 9th
Home Runs 0 27th 0 22nd
Runs Batted In 24 9th 21 5th
Total bases 55 12th 34 12th
Walks 12 9th 8 12th
Hit by pitch 0 56th 0 45th
Strikeouts 3 97th 3 67th
Sacrifice Flies 2 1st 2 1st
Sacrifice Hits 2 12th 2 7th
Hit into double play - - - -
Stolen Bases 8 10th 4 12th
Caught Stealing 0 25th 0 18th
Batting Average .393 10th .394 18th
On Base Percentage .443 16th .447 27th
Slugging Percentage .470 20th .515 21st
Appearances 0 32nd 0 29th
Games started 0 25th 0 25th
Wins 0 20th 0 19th
Losses 0 24th 0 22nd
Saves 0 2nd 0 2nd
Complete Games - - - -
Shutouts - - - -
Innings Pitched 0.0 75th 0.0 74th
Hits - - - -
Runs - - - -
Earned Runs - - - -
Walks - - - -
Strikeouts - - - -
Strikeouts per Game .00 - .00 -
Doubles Allowed - - - -
Triples Allowed - - - -
WHIP - - - -
Home Runs Allows - - - -
At Bats Against - - - -
Batting Average Against - - - -
Earned Run Average 0.00 - 0.00 -
Wild pitches - - - -
Hit Batters - - - -
Balks - - - -
Sacrifice Flies Allowed - - - -
Sacrifice Hits Allowed - - - -
Total Chances 72 31st 54 21st
Put Outs 24 53rd 15 58th
Assists 44 5th 35 4th
Errors 4 40th 4 15th
Fielding Percentage .944 37th .926 51st
Double Plays 3 5th 2 6th
Stolen Bases Allowed 0 41st 0 36th
Runners Caught Stealing 0 30th 0 17th
Runners Caught Stealing Percentage - - - -
Passed Balls 0 15th 0 14th
Catcher's Interference 0 3rd 0 3rd
Recent Results
Date Opponent/Event Result
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 20-5
Apr 28 Penn State New Kensington W, 6-0
May 8 vs. Penn State Brandywine L, 9-2
May 15 vs. Judson (AL) L, 1-0
May 15 vs. SUNY-Canton L, 8-0
May 16 vs. Me.-Presque Isle W, 2-0
Date Opponent Score ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs
Sep 11 # Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. CCAC   - - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. MNE   - - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 # vs. Westminster   - - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 vs. Baldwin Wallace   - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 9-0 3 0 2 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 17-0 2 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Potomac State L, 9-0 3 0 1 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lackawanna College L, 9-4 3 0 1 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Grand Rapids CC L, 7-3 4 1 1 - - - 0 - - 1 -
Mar 9 vs. Delaware Valley University L, 4-3 4 1 2 - - - 0 1 - - -
Mar 10 vs. Mercer County CC L, 11-3 4 0 2 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 10 vs. Queensborough CC W, 9-1 3 0 1 1 - - 0 1 - 1 -
Mar 19 at Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto L, 2-1 3 0 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto W, 12-2 4 2 2 2 - - 4 - - - -
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto W, 8-3 3 2 3 - - - 2 1 - - -
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto L, 3-2 3 1 1 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 6-5 5 1 1 - - - 1 - - 1 -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 4-1 3 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas W, 9-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas L, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver L, 2-1 4 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver W, 4-0 3 0 2 1 - - 0 - - - -
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 3-0 3 0 0 1 - - 2 - 1 - -
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 7-3 2 2 0 - - - 1 2 - - -
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 21-1 4 2 3 - - - 1 - - - -
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 11-3 5 3 2 1 1 - 2 - - 1 -
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 16-3 3 2 2 - - - 1 1 - - -
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 5-0 3 0 1 - - - 2 - - - -
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 8-6 3 2 1 - - - 0 1 - - -
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 12-1 3 2 2 - - - 1 - - - -
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 12-3 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 10-8 5 2 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 3 0
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 7-4 4 0 2 - - - 2 - - - -
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 3-0 3 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 7-3 4 1 2 - - - 1 - 1 - -
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 20-5 1 1 0 - - - 0 1 1 - -
Apr 28 Penn State New Kensington W, 6-0 3 1 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
May 8 vs. Penn State Brandywine L, 9-2 3 1 3 - - - 0 1 - - -
May 15 vs. Judson (AL) L, 1-0 4 0 3 - - - 0 - - - -
May 15 vs. SUNY-Canton L, 8-0 3 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
May 16 vs. Me.-Presque Isle W, 2-0 4 0 3 - - - 2 - - 1 -

# Stats don't count towards season totals

Date Opponent Score hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Sep 11 # Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. CCAC   - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. MNE   - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 # vs. Westminster   - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 vs. Baldwin Wallace   - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 9-0 - - - 2 0 - - - - 3
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 17-0 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
Mar 7 vs. Potomac State L, 9-0 - - - 1 0 - - - - 3
Mar 7 vs. Lackawanna College L, 9-4 - - - 1 0 - - - - 3
Mar 9 vs. Grand Rapids CC L, 7-3 - - - 1 0 - - - - 4
Mar 9 vs. Delaware Valley University L, 4-3 - - - 2 0 - - - - 5
Mar 10 vs. Mercer County CC L, 11-3 - - - 2 0 - - - - 4
Mar 10 vs. Queensborough CC W, 9-1 - - - 2 1 - - - - 4
Mar 19 at Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto L, 2-1 - - - 0 0 - 1 2 0.50 4
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto W, 12-2 - 1 - 4 2 - 2 1 2.00 5
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto W, 8-3 - - - 3 0 - - - - 4
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto L, 3-2 - - - 1 0 - - 1 - 3
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 6-5 - - - 1 0 - - - - 5
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 4-1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 3
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas W, 9-0 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas L, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver L, 2-1 - - - 0 0 - 1 3 0.33 4
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver W, 4-0 - - 1 3 1 - 2 - - 4
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 3-0 - - - 1 1 - - - - 3
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 7-3 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 4
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 21-1 - - - 3 0 - - - - 4
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 11-3 - - - 5 2 - - - - 5
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 16-3 - 1 - 2 0 - - - - 5
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 5-0 - - 1 1 0 - - - - 4
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 8-6 - - - 1 0 - - - - 4
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 12-1 - - - 2 0 - - - - 3
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 12-3 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 - - 4
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 10-8 0 0 0 4 1 - 0 - - 5
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 7-4 - - - 2 0 - - 2 - 4
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 3-0 - - - 0 0 - 1 2 0.50 3
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 7-3 - - - 2 0 - - 1 - 4
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 20-5 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
Apr 28 Penn State New Kensington W, 6-0 - - - 0 0 - 2 1 2.00 4
May 8 vs. Penn State Brandywine L, 9-2 - - - 3 0 - - - - 4
May 15 vs. Judson (AL) L, 1-0 - - - 3 0 - - 1 - 4
May 15 vs. SUNY-Canton L, 8-0 - - - 0 0 - 2 - - 3
May 16 vs. Me.-Presque Isle W, 2-0 - - - 3 0 - - 1 - 4

# Stats don't count towards season totals

Date Opponent Score gs w l sv ip h r er era whip bb k hr
Sep 11 # Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. CCAC   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. MNE   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 # vs. Westminster   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 vs. Baldwin Wallace   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 9-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 17-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Potomac State L, 9-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lackawanna College L, 9-4 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Grand Rapids CC L, 7-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Delaware Valley University L, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 10 vs. Mercer County CC L, 11-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 10 vs. Queensborough CC W, 9-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 19 at Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto L, 2-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto W, 12-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto W, 8-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto L, 3-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 6-5 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 4-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas W, 9-0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas L, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver L, 2-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver W, 4-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 3-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 7-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 21-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 11-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 16-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 5-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 8-6 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 12-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 12-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 10-8 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 7-4 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 3-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 7-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 20-5 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 28 Penn State New Kensington W, 6-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 8 vs. Penn State Brandywine L, 9-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 15 vs. Judson (AL) L, 1-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 15 vs. SUNY-Canton L, 8-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 16 vs. Me.-Presque Isle W, 2-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -

# Stats don't count towards season totals

Date Opponent Score tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Sep 11 # Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. CCAC   - - - - - - - - - - -
Sep 25 # vs. MNE   - - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 # vs. Westminster   - - - - - - - - - - -
Oct 1 vs. Baldwin Wallace   - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 9-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Lincoln College L, 17-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Potomac State L, 9-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Lackawanna College L, 9-4 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Grand Rapids CC L, 7-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 9 vs. Delaware Valley University L, 4-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 10 vs. Mercer County CC L, 11-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 10 vs. Queensborough CC W, 9-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 19 at Allegheny College of Maryland   - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 5-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Westmoreland County Comm College W, 8-2 - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto L, 2-1 4 1 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 25 at Penn State Mont Alto W, 12-2 6 2 4 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto W, 8-3 5 2 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 26 vs. Penn State Mont Alto L, 3-2 4 0 4 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - - -
Mar 31 Penn State Greater Allegheny   - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 6-5 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 2 at Allegany College of Maryland L, 4-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas W, 9-0 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 5 at Kent St-Tuscarawas L, 5-1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver L, 2-1 6 2 4 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 8 at Penn State Beaver W, 4-0 5 3 2 0 1.000 1 - - - - -
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 3-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 12 Penn State Greater Allegheny W, 7-3 4 0 4 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 21-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 13 Penn State Du Bois W, 11-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 16-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 14 at Penn State Du Bois W, 5-0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 8-6 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 17 Penn State New Kensington W, 12-1 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 12-3 1 0 1 0 1.000 0 0 0 - 0 0
Apr 21 at Penn State New Kensington W, 10-8 7 1 5 1 .857 0 0 0 - 0 0
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 7-4 4 0 1 3 .250 1 - - - - -
Apr 23 Penn State Beaver L, 3-0 3 1 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 7-3 3 3 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 26 at Penn State Greater Allegheny L, 20-5 2 0 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 28 Penn State New Kensington W, 6-0 3 2 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 8 vs. Penn State Brandywine L, 9-2 4 1 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 15 vs. Judson (AL) L, 1-0 2 1 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 15 vs. SUNY-Canton L, 8-0 4 3 1 0 1.000 1 - - - - -
May 16 vs. Me.-Presque Isle W, 2-0 5 2 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -

# Stats don't count towards season totals

  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
Total 35 117 27 46 7 1 0 24 12 3 8 0 .393 .443 .470
Conference 20 66 22 26 6 1 0 21 8 3 4 0 .394 .447 .515
Exhibition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
Home 9 30 12 10 2 1 - 9 4 1 1 - .333 .412 .467
Away 12 41 9 13 4 0 0 11 4 2 4 0 .317 .362 .415
Neutral 14 46 6 23 1 - - 4 4 - 3 - .500 .540 .522
-
Wins 16 54 20 25 7 1 0 20 8 1 6 0 .463 .516 .630
Losses 19 63 7 21 - - - 4 4 2 2 - .333 .373 .333
-
March 12 39 7 16 3 - - 6 4 - 2 - .410 .455 .487
April 19 64 19 21 4 1 0 16 7 3 5 0 .328 .389 .422
May 4 14 1 9 - - - 2 1 - 1 - .643 .667 .643
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Total 35 0 2 2 55 8 - 12 15 0.80 133
Conference 20 0 2 2 34 7 - 8 12 0.67 78
Exhibition - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
-
Home 9 - - - 14 3 - 4 5 0.80 34
Away 12 0 2 2 17 4 - 6 7 0.86 49
Neutral 14 - - - 24 1 - 2 3 0.67 50
-
Wins 16 0 2 2 34 8 - 7 3 2.33 66
Losses 19 - - - 21 0 - 5 12 0.42 67
-
March 12 - 1 - 19 3 - 3 4 0.75 44
April 19 0 1 2 27 5 - 7 9 0.78 74
May 4 - - - 9 0 - 2 2 1.00 15
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/7 hr era whip
Total 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Conference 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Exhibition - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
-
Home 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Away 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Neutral 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
-
Wins 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
Losses 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
-
March 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
April 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
May 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Total 35 72 24 44 4 .944 3 0 0 - 0 0
Conference 20 54 15 35 4 .926 2 0 0 - 0 0
Exhibition - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
-
Home 9 14 3 8 3 .786 1 - - - - -
Away 12 34 12 21 1 .971 1 0 0 - 0 0
Neutral 14 24 9 15 0 1.000 1 - - - - -
-
Wins 16 36 12 23 1 .972 1 0 0 - 0 0
Losses 19 36 12 21 3 .917 2 - - - - -
-
March 12 19 5 14 0 1.000 - - - - - -
April 19 38 12 22 4 .895 2 0 0 - 0 0
May 4 15 7 8 0 1.000 1 - - - - -